In my first-grade dual language classroom, many of my students were multilingual learners. Although some students knew the same language, they each came in at different levels on the English language development continuum.
English language development (ELD) instruction aims to help multilingual learners at any level acquire, refine, and master the English language. Both targeted and integrated approaches to ELD instruction are needed to address students’ language needs.
Note on language: Students who are learning English do not fit neatly into a single label. We use the common phrases multilingual learner, English language learner, and ELL student, along with the acronyms MLL, but we recognize that any label is imperfect.
What is targeted ELD instruction?
Targeted ELD instruction, also known as dedicated ELD or designated ELD instruction, provides multilingual learners (MLLs) with protected instructional time to develop English language proficiency. This type of instruction typically appears as a distinct class on students’ schedules. The targeted lessons align to state ELD standards.
The goal of targeted ELD instruction is to equip multilingual learners with the essential language skills to learn academic content and express content knowledge. Targeted ELD instruction supports students in developing English language knowledge, skills, and abilities. MLLs receiving targeted ELD instruction practice and engage in speaking, listening, writing, reading, and vocabulary building.
Difference between integrated and targeted English language instruction
Integrated English language development (ELD) instruction supports language development in core content classes to help students access grade-level academic content. During integrated ELD instruction, language skills and content are taught simultaneously, with content being the primary focus.
There are key differences between integrated and targeted English language instruction. Integrated ELD instruction happens throughout the day across different content areas as opposed to a dedicated time. Additionally, integrated ELD instruction combines state academic content standards and ELD standards to engage students in language development while covering content areas, unlike targeted ELD instruction, which directly addresses ELD standards through explicit language lessons.
Strategies for targeted and explicit language instruction
Consider the following strategies for effective targeted and explicit ELD instruction.
Review prior knowledge
Multilingual learners enter the classroom with a wealth of knowledge. Before introducing new concepts and ideas, gauge students’ background knowledge. Tap into what students already know by using a graphic organizer, like a KWL chart, or open the floor for whole-group or small-group conversation to activate prior knowledge.
Scaffold instruction
Through scaffolding, teachers facilitate student learning by providing a temporary support framework and breaking concepts into smaller, more manageable parts. This instructional practice is particularly helpful for multilingual learners, as it provides support in developing language proficiency and makes language learning less intimidating. Give students guidance on a task or a process using scaffolding strategies, like modeling and think-alouds. Other scaffolding tools, like sentence frames, help students formulate their thoughts and responses.
Build academic vocabulary
Academic vocabulary consists of words found in informational texts, textbooks, and other instructional materials across all content areas. Building academic vocabulary helps multilingual learners construct meaning and understand language when reading complex texts or engaging in class discussions. Help students use and build academic vocabulary with tools like academic response frames, which provide students with purposeful language practice.
Provide opportunities for language practice
To achieve English language proficiency, multilingual learners need time to practice the language domains of speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Create opportunities for authentic language practice in the classroom. Role-play activities help students use vocabulary in a practical and meaningful way with their peers. Partner or group work is another chance for multilingual learners to develop their oral language skills.
Use formative assessments
The goal of formative assessments is to monitor students’ progress and performance throughout learning. Teacher observations, exit tickets, and quizzes are all examples of formative assessment. The information gathered from formative assessments can be used to inform instruction and provide students with feedback.
Examples of targeted ELD lessons
ELD programs, like English 3D, provide an explicit and interactive English language development curriculum for multilingual learners. ELD lessons from English 3D target various language domains, like speaking, listening, reading, and writing. They also incorporate the strategies in this article, such as activating prior knowledge and building academic vocabulary. Below are examples of targeted ELD lesson from English 3D.
Request a sample pack of targeted ELD lessons from English 3D to use with your multilingual learners.
No matter where students are in their English language development, there will always be a way to connect them to the content they need to learn and foster future lifelong learners.
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Address the range of English learners’ needs with our English language development programs.
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